Race in American final project.

Revitalization of Native American Languages.

Rote Armee Fraktion

    The RAF, or the “Rote Armee Fraktion,”  described themselves as a communist and anti-imperialist “urban guerilla” group engaged in armed resistance against what they deemed to be a fascist state, (Wikipedia). The RAF was founded in 1970  by Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Horst Mahler and Ulrike Meinhof.    
    The group existed from 1970 to 1998, they committed numerous operations, the highest concentration being in the autumn of 1977. In 1977 this high concentration of terrorist movements lead to a national crisis known as “German Autumn”. Responsible for thirty-four deaths, as well as many secondary targets; including, chauffeurs and bodyguards.
    The Fraction always called themselves the “Rotte Armee Fraktion,” and the names such as “Baader-Meinhof Gang, “Baader-Meinhof Group” or “Baader-Meinhof, were nicknames for the group.
    The so-called “second generation” of the RAF, existed in the mid to the late 1970s after several former members of the Socialist Patients’ Collective joined, (Wikipedia). Then the “third generation” of the RAF came about, which existed in the 1980s and 1990s.  The original members of the group died while in prison, and attending their court hearings. The second generation of the RAF formed holding the same ideas as the first, but remained an independent group from them. And the third following the second in a similar fashion.
    The RAF was well known for their terrorist tactics. They conducted numerous operations where they would set buildings ablaze, but more so, the members spent time executing members of political standing in what they considered to be the fascist government. In the year of 1977, alone, they killed thirty-four people who were believed to stand against their anti-imperialist ideas. Today, in comparison, the terrorists most known are far more drastic in their operations. The terrorists associated with Muslim culture, use murderous wide-spread attacks to draw attention to them, they feed off of the fear created from these attacks. The RAF, however, targeted their attacks specifically to execute the main powers opposing them. They were organized  and had a specific central goal, unlike violent random attacks of the Muslim terrorists.

My response to the Deutsche Film Baader-Meinhof Complex

In my opinion the movie, Baader-Meinhof Complex, contained many drastic ideas and viewpoints of a generation. The movie captured a political movement that shook the ideas of government in Germany and Europe. I found the movie relevant to today’s political struggles, how the use of terrorism was implemented as a way of showing discourse towards a higher power. The RAF used terrorist methods in their organization. They set department buildings on fire and placed various other bombs around cities in attempt to draw attention to their movement through enticing fear in citizens. This is relatable, at least to me, in the way terrorists are now attempting to draw attention to the Muslim struggle and religious beliefs. Although the Muslims have taken a far more drastic approach than the RAF, the use of terrorism is evident in both workings.
    I found the movies set up to be unusually well made, I enjoyed how the plot flowed through the beginning of the RAF to the creation of new generations which held the beliefs of the original generation in a new context. This showed me how the ideas were so powerful, that they transcended the lines of generations. Providing an outlet for young adults political oppositions. The ideas held by the RAF were so monumental that they continued to inspire young people for generations after the original group of members.
    Overall my impression of the movie was positive. I found it to be well made and moving. It showed me how an idea, one idea, can spread and grow to affect large groups of people in massive ways. The movie helped to broaden my thoughts on what a small group of people can do, how they can change and influence people in drastic ways. I’m very glad I had the opportunity to view this film, to see the people behind such a movement. Although, those who began this political group RAF, perished during the fight, I believe they were triumphant because their ideas lived on. 

12 Reasons, why the EU will continue to be a pivotal organization for Germany in the 21st century.

Reason one, Germany will remain a contributing member of the EU because of the enterprise this brings them. The EU offers them various countries in which to export their goods and products. Germany is large exporting country and the availability of consumers brought by the EU will give Germany great incentive to remain within it’s membership.

Reason two,  the EU creation and maintenance  of the Euro makes it a pivotal part of Germany’s economy now and in the future. The EU controls the Euro and thusly, controls the vast majority of the European economy and the worlds.

Reason three,  the creation of the EU lead to peace and reconciliation after the second world war. They continue to maintain a sense of tranquility among the nations of Europe.

Reason four, Germany will continue to find the EU a pivotal organization for them because of the open market it provides. Germany relies upon the market the EU provides to maintain their economy.

Reason five, the EU creates a stable political framework for the markets in Europe. Germany is dependent upon this for their economy and political standing.

Reason six, the Euro has helped Germany deal with it’s financial stresses after the 1989 reunification. The EU is pivotal to Germany because of their contribution to the stability of Germany and their economy, allowing Germany to become globally competitive.

Reason seven, the European Union is making Germany a beneficiary of the European market. It has allowed for increase in the living conditions of Germany and an emergence of a new middle class in Germany.

Reason eight, the Euro, a result of the European Union, has created a price stability in Europe and Germany. It has prevented inflation in the countries of Europe, making the EU a pivotal part of Germany’s present and future.

Reason nine, the EU has allowed Germany to become a dominant economic power. They are pivotal for Germany because it continues to allow Germany to maintain a dominant position in the economic standings of the world.

Reason ten, Germany is best served when it considers the economic standing of the whole continent. In order for Germany to become prosperous it must take into consideration the markets of the other nations. The EU gives Germany a chance to maintain power and stability of economic weath.

Reason eleven, the EU allows Germany to become a leader of higher integration. Germany is seen as a partner and no longer a threat in Europe.

Reason twelve, Germany is maintaining their world power status through the integration of various nations. It is crucial for the people to integrate in order for Germany to be seen as a world contributing power.

Works cited:
http://social.moldova.org/news/damian-hincu-paul-goma-un-simbol-al-rezistentei-anticomuniste-a-europei-213279-rom.html

Nineteenth Century

Poets and Writers

Eighteenth Century

German Government and Rulers

Gender roles of 18th Century Men and Women

Comparison of Gender roles in England and France

France;

• Women had no property rights
• Men had the task of completing activities, outside of the household, in order to earn income. 
• Women were seen as fragile, and remained at the home to care for the children and tend to the upkeep of the home.
• Lower class women stayed in the home and often worked around the farm, milking cows.
• Even women in  privileged positions were often held back from independent action by traditional cultural and social norms of behavior.

England; 

• Under the common law of England, an unmarried woman could own property, make a contract, or sue and be sued. But once she married, the woman, defined as being one with her husband;
• gave up her name
• virtually all her property came under her husband's control.

• Queen Victoria was regarded as being a paragon of virtue, a woman that always carried out her duties without fuss and maintained all the traditional gender roles that a wife and mother were supposed to carry out. 
• Queen Victoria and those around her tended to portray the royal family as a fine example of a traditional family with traditional values not only in Britain but across its vast Empire as well. The British monarchy was all in favor of conserving society just as it was to maintain its prestigious status although it was the elected government that carried out policies intended to conserve or to transform society.

 
A traditional 18th Century English Family

The roles of women changed greatly during the enlightenment.  According to sparknotes.com,  ”The Enlightenment was a sprawling intellectual, philosophical, cultural, and social movement that spread through England, France, Germany, and other parts of Europe during the 1700s.”  At that time, the opportunity for education expanded but decreased in quality.  During the enlightenment, education was shown to be very important.  Women in the high and middle class were offered an education, but it definitely was not as high of an education as a man.  Enlightenment thinkers believed that Science and Philosophy were for men.  So women were given training in areas that were going to help their husbands and families. Things like music, drawing, singing and painting were taught to the women.  Women began working as productive laborers with the family around the age of six or seven.  Most of the time, that meant working light farm labor, in agricultural areas. If the family lived in an urban setting, women could find low-level, low-wage jobs in many industries.  This kind of work, for both men and women, was harsh, cruel and paid less than most jobs.  In general, women's lives were oriented around the running of the household rather than the entire family.  The women's marriage and children were put behind the household.

Sources:
http://www.wic.org/misc/history.htm

http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/WOMEN.HTM

http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/enlightenment/context.html

http://socyberty.com/history/what-influence-did-changing-gender-roles-throughout-the-18th-19th-century-have-on-the-position-of-women-in-the-practice-of-midwifery-and-gynaecology/#ixzz12urt2Ph0